Categories: 学习经验

西门子PID功能块FB41(CONT_C)高级功能

<h2>FB41&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;CONT&lowbar;C”高级功能<&sol;h2>&NewLine;<p>FB41&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;CONT&lowbar;C”除了基本的PID运算之外,软件本身也提供了积分设定值、<a href&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;tag&sol;&percnt;e7&percnt;a7&percnt;af&percnt;e5&percnt;88&percnt;86&percnt;e4&percnt;bf&percnt;9d&percnt;e6&percnt;8c&percnt;81&sol;" title&equals;"查看与 积分保持 相关的文章" target&equals;"&lowbar;blank"><span class&equals;"tag-key">积分保持<&sol;span><&sol;a>、死区、无扰动切换(手动切换自动)等高级功能。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3>积分分量<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p>FB41&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;CONT&lowbar;C”的&OpenCurlyDoubleQuote;LMN&lowbar;I”积分分量,在手动状态下,根据不同的偏差,不同的MAN值,LMN&lowbar;I的值不同<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1429" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;01SPPV&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"400" height&equals;"798" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图1&period; FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"&colon; SP&lowbar;INT&equals;PV&lowbar;IN&semi; MAN&equals;0;GAIN&equals;2<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1430" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;02SP-PV&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"420" height&equals;"817" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图2&period; FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"&colon;SP&lowbar;INT&NotEqual;PV&lowbar;IN&semi;MAN&equals;0&semi;GAIN&equals;2<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1431" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;03SP-PV&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"409" height&equals;"812" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图3&period; FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"&colon;SP&lowbar;INT&NotEqual;PV&lowbar;IN&semi;MAN&equals;25&semi;GAIN&equals;2<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>注:以TIA Potal V13 SP1为例,该功能块在<a href&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;tag&sol;step-7&sol;" title&equals;"查看与 STEP 7 相关的文章" target&equals;"&lowbar;blank"><span class&equals;"tag-key">STEP 7<&sol;span><&sol;a>中的管脚与其相同<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>由以上3图所示,当在MAN&lowbar;ON&equals;1的手动状态时,<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>LMN&lowbar;I&equals;LMN-LMN&lowbar;P&comma;而手动时:LMN&equals;MAN,则:<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>LMN&lowbar;I&equals;MAN-LMN&lowbar;P<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3>积分初始值<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p>从上述积分分量作用的描述可得出,积分分量的大小依据手动值和比例分量自行计算。如果要实现人为设定,则需要使用积分初始值。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>表1&period;积分初始化管脚<&sol;p>&NewLine;<table border&equals;"1" width&equals;"100&percnt;">&NewLine;<tbody>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"col" width&equals;"33&percnt;">参数<&sol;th>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"col" width&equals;"33&percnt;">类型<&sol;th>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"col" width&equals;"33&percnt;">说明<&sol;th>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<td>I&lowbar;ITL&lowbar;ON<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>BOOL<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>&gt&semi;0&colon;无效<br &sol;>&NewLine;1&colon;有效<&sol;td>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<td>I&lowbar;ITLVAL<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>REAL<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>积分初始值<&sol;td>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<&sol;tbody>&NewLine;<&sol;table>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1432" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;04I&lowbar;ITL&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"522" height&equals;"808" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1434" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;04-1&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"347" height&equals;"531" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图4&period;积分初始化<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3>积分冻结<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p>积分饱和:具有积分作用的控制器,只要被控对象与设定值有偏差,其输出就会不停的变化。如果由于某种原因(阀门开度限制、泵故障等),被控对象偏差一时无法消除,而控制器依然要校正这个偏差,经过一段时间之后,控制器输出将进入深度饱和状态,这种现象叫做积分饱和。进入深度饱和的控制器,要等偏差反向之后才会慢慢的从饱和状态退出来,重新恢复控制作用。针对FB41"CONT&lowbar;C",最常用的解决方法是积分冻结,当PID输出超过某一限制值时,保持积分作用不变。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1433" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;05I&lowbar;coo&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"403" height&equals;"848" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1435" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;06I&lowbar;cool&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"1057" height&equals;"476" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图5&period; 积分冻结<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>由上图可见,在保持偏差不变的条件下(比例分量保持不变),当激活INT&lowbar;HOLD后,积分分量也保持不变,INT&lowbar;HOLD设置只有在自动模式下才有效,手动模式下无效。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3>死区<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p>死区:从控制要求来说,很多系统允许被控量在一定范围内存在误差,在该范围内,要求PID的输出保持不变。系统允许被控量的误差大小,被称为PID的死区宽度。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1436" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;07deadw&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"407" height&equals;"810" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1437" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;08deadw&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"328" height&equals;"470" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图6&period;死区设置<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1438" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;09DEADWIDE&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"1095" height&equals;"375" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图7,死区作用<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>由上述两图可知,死区设置后,当当前值&lpar; PV&lowbar;IN &rpar;在死区范围内,FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"的输出保持不变,死区范围遵循如下公式:<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>SP&lowbar;INT-DEADB&lowbar;W &lt&semi; DEAD ZONE &lpar; PV&lowbar;IN &rpar;&lt&semi; SP&lowbar;INT&plus;DEADB&lowbar;W<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<h3>无扰动切换<&sol;h3>&NewLine;<p>无扰动切换:在手动与自动切换的瞬间,保持控制器的输出信号不发生突变,以免切换给控制系统带来干扰。在自动状态下,阀位手动给定值要跟随现场调节阀的阀位反馈值的变化而变化;而在手动状态下,设定值要跟随被调变量&lpar;比如:流量、压力、温度、液位等&rpar;的实时测量值的变化而变化。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"的控制模式从手动切换到自动是无扰切换,反之不是无扰切换,需要通过编程实现。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1439" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;10wuraodong&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"306" height&equals;"740" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1440" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;11wuraodong&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"1117" height&equals;"377" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图8&period; 手动切换自动<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>由上图可见,当FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"从手动切换到自动后,无扰动切换自动生效,系统保持稳定&period;<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1441" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;12wuraodong&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"313" height&equals;"754" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1442" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;13wuraodong&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"1123" height&equals;"480" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图9&period; 自动切换手动<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>由上图可见,当FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"从手动切到自动后,PID的输出直接变为MAN值,系统振荡&period;<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>增加如下程序,来实现自动切手动时的无扰动切换<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1443" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;14wuraodong&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"591" height&equals;"151" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1444" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;15wuraodong&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"1160" height&equals;"374" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图10&period; 无扰动切换<&sol;p>&NewLine;<h2>常问问题<&sol;h2>&NewLine;<p><strong>FB41"CONT&lowbar;C"<&sol;strong> <strong>如何实现P,PI,PD,PID控制模式?<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<table border&equals;"1" width&equals;"100&percnt;">&NewLine;<tbody>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"col" width&equals;"25&percnt;"><&sol;th>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"col" width&equals;"25&percnt;">P&lowbar;SEL<&sol;th>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"col" width&equals;"25&percnt;">I&lowbar;SEL<&sol;th>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"col" width&equals;"25&percnt;">D&lowbar;SEL<&sol;th>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"row">P<&sol;th>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>0<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>0<&sol;td>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"row">PI<&sol;th>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>0<&sol;td>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"row">PD<&sol;th>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>0<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<tr>&NewLine;<th scope&equals;"row">PID<&sol;th>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<td>1<&sol;td>&NewLine;<&sol;tr>&NewLine;<&sol;tbody>&NewLine;<&sol;table>&NewLine;<p><strong>FB41"CONT&lowbar;C" 输出LMN与LMN&lowbar;PER 的区别?<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>LMN的输出范围:LMN&lowbar;LLM &ast; LMN&lowbar;FAC &plus; LMN&lowbar;OFF &lt&semi; LMN &lt&semi; LMN&lowbar;HLM &ast; LMN&lowbar;FAC &plus; LMN&lowbar;OFF&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>LMN&lowbar;PER输出范围&colon; 32512 &lt&semi; LMN&lowbar;PER &lt&semi; 32511&semi;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>积分冻结与积分初始化有什么区别?<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>1, 积分冻结是锁定积分分量,而积分初始化是给积分分量一个初始值;<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>2,积分冻结仅在自动状态下有效,积分初始化手&sol;自动模式下均有效。<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><strong>为何激活积分初始化后,积分变量保持不变?<&sol;strong><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>必须用沿调用,如下图:<&sol;p>&NewLine;<p><img class&equals;"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1445" src&equals;"https&colon;&sol;&sol;www&period;xuezdh&period;com&sol;wp-content&sol;uploads&sol;2021&sol;01&sol;16&period;png" alt&equals;"" width&equals;"536" height&equals;"573" &sol;><&sol;p>&NewLine;<p>图11&period; 积分初始化<&sol;p>&NewLine;

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